Table of Contents
Overview
Symptoms and Causes
Heart failure is characterized by the heart's inability to pump sufficient blood and oxygen to meet the body's needs, which can lead to a variety of symptoms and complications. The condition can manifest in different forms, primarily categorized as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).[12.1] In HFpEF, the left side of the heart becomes too stiff to relax fully between heartbeats, resulting in inadequate filling with blood.[1.1] This stiffness is often exacerbated by high blood pressure and other conditions that increase the heart's workload.[1.1] Conversely, HFrEF is associated with a reduced ability of the heart to contract and pump blood effectively.[12.1] Both forms of heart failure share common symptoms, but their underlying physiological mechanisms differ significantly, with HFpEF often linked to inflammation and extracellular matrix organization, while HFrEF is associated with cellular protein metabolism and nitric oxide regulation.[11.1] The symptoms of heart failure can vary widely among individuals. Common signs include shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention, which may lead to swelling in the legs, ankles, and abdomen.[6.1] Patients may also experience a buildup of excess fluid in body tissues, known as edema, due to the heart's inability to manage blood flow effectively.[6.1] It is crucial for patients and their families to recognize these symptoms early, as timely intervention can significantly impact management and outcomes.[9.1] Heart failure is a serious condition that occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to support the body's organs.[4.1] In the United States, nearly 6.7 million adults aged 20 years or older are affected by heart failure.[4.1] Several risk factors contribute to the development of heart failure, including coronary artery disease, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.[5.1] Additionally, certain medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and various treatments for high blood pressure, cancer, and other health conditions, can exacerbate heart failure symptoms or lead to heart conditions.[3.1] Understanding these causes is essential for managing heart failure effectively, as addressing underlying medical conditions can help mitigate the risk of this serious health issue.[5.1]In this section:
History
Evolution of Understanding Heart Failure
The understanding of heart failure has evolved significantly from ancient civilizations to the present day. Early observations of congestive heart failure were documented by the ancient Greeks and Romans, who provided clinical descriptions of the syndrome.[44.1] Additionally, a pathological analysis of an Egyptian dignitary from around 1479 BC revealed evidence of pulmonary edema, likely due to heart failure, as noted by Italian Egyptologist Ernesto Schiaparelli.[44.1] The Egyptian civilization preserved their medical knowledge through various medical papyri, such as the Edwin Smith Papyrus, which, although not primarily focused on cardiac conditions, offers insights into the state of surgical knowledge in ancient Egypt.[58.1][61.1] In the 17th century, the condition known as "dropsy" was recognized as a precursor to heart failure, with treatments like bloodletting and leeching reflecting the limited medical knowledge of that era.[46.1] A pivotal shift occurred during the Renaissance with the English physician William Harvey's discovery of blood circulation, laying the groundwork for future advancements in cardiology.[67.1] The 20th century saw further transformation with the Framingham Heart Study, which formally defined heart failure as a clinical syndrome with specific diagnostic criteria, marking a significant milestone in the field.[67.1] This study was instrumental in identifying cardiovascular risk factors and led to a paradigm shift in cardiac rehabilitation programs, emphasizing the importance of addressing these risk factors in heart failure management.[68.1] Despite these advancements, the prevalence of heart failure has been rising, largely due to population aging and increasing risk factors, presenting a significant public health challenge.[48.1] In response, various disease management programs have been implemented to optimize patient outcomes and improve self-care among individuals with heart failure.[56.1] These programs often incorporate patient education, which has been shown to enhance knowledge and self-management, thereby reducing hospital readmissions.[57.1]Milestones in Treatment Development
The treatment of heart failure has undergone significant evolution over the past few decades, marked by several key milestones. The introduction of vasodilator therapy in 1986 marked the beginning of a new era in heart failure management, transitioning from traditional approaches to more targeted therapies aimed at improving patient outcomes.[40.1] Over the last two decades, the focus has shifted from therapies based on a hemodynamic model to those that target neuroendocrine systems and the remodeling process, reflecting a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of chronic heart failure (CHF).[41.1] Recent advancements have further revolutionized heart failure treatment, particularly with the development of novel pharmacological agents. For instance, the angiotensin-receptor and neprilysin inhibitor, LCZ696, has been shown to significantly reduce mortality in patients with heart failure, as demonstrated in the PARADIGM-HF trial.[40.1] Additionally, the introduction of therapies such as sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists has expanded the therapeutic arsenal available for managing heart failure.[64.1] These innovations have contributed to improved survival rates among individuals with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF).[65.1] Moreover, advancements in device therapy, such as cardiac resynchronization therapy, have also played a crucial role in enhancing the quality of life and functional capacity of heart failure patients.[64.1] The Baroreflex Activation Therapy for Heart Failure (Be-AT HF) trial demonstrated significant improvements in quality of life and functional capacity, leading to pre-market FDA approval.[66.1] Despite these advancements, the burden of heart failure continues to rise, highlighting the need for ongoing research and development of effective treatment strategies.[42.1] The integration of new medications and technologies has not only improved the management of heart failure but has also changed the prognosis for patients, making conditions once deemed incurable more manageable through innovative genetic and molecular approaches.[63.1]In this section:
Recent Advancements
New Therapeutic Approaches
Recent advancements in heart failure treatment have introduced promising pharmacological innovations that significantly enhance patient outcomes. Notably, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as pivotal in managing heart failure across a spectrum of patients, including those without diabetes.[111.1] These inhibitors are now integral to a comprehensive treatment strategy that includes four life-prolonging medication classes for individuals with low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and extends to those with mildly decreased and preserved LVEF.[105.1] Despite their clinical success, the precise mechanisms by which SGLT2 inhibitors benefit heart failure patients remain under investigation, highlighting the need for further research.[111.1] The combination therapy of sacubitril-valsartan represents another significant advancement, particularly for patients with functional mitral regurgitation, where it has shown to reduce the effective regurgitant area, thereby improving cardiac function.[106.1] Additionally, novel agents targeting transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy have demonstrated effectiveness in managing this challenging condition, underscoring the potential of genetic and molecular approaches in heart failure treatment.[104.1] These pharmacological innovations have contributed to improved quality and longevity of life for heart failure patients, especially in developed nations like Japan and the USA, where the aging population has increased the prevalence of heart failure. The lifetime risk of developing heart failure in the USA is now estimated at 20-30%.[94.1] Key therapeutic advancements include sacubitril-valsartan, SGLT2 inhibitors, and treatments for functional mitral regurgitation and transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, alongside strategies addressing iron deficiency in heart failure.[106.1] These developments not only aim to extend life expectancy but also focus on alleviating symptoms such as shortness of breath and fatigue, which significantly impact patient independence and quality of life.[108.1] Collectively, these innovations reflect a holistic approach to heart failure management, prioritizing both clinical outcomes and patient-centered improvements in daily living.[108.1]Innovations in Device Management
Recent advancements in heart failure (HF) management have been significantly influenced by the integration of wearable technology and artificial intelligence (AI). Wearable devices, such as smartwatches and ECG patches, have emerged as transformative tools, enabling continuous, real-time monitoring of physiological parameters. This capability allows for early detection of disease exacerbation and enhances patient engagement, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.[117.1] The role of AI in this context is expanding, particularly with the increasing volume of data generated from remote monitoring. AI algorithms can analyze time series data collected via these devices, thereby improving workflow and outcomes for HF patients.[97.1] For instance, studies have demonstrated that AI-enabled wearables can effectively detect heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, showcasing their potential for timely intervention.[97.1] The integration of telemedicine with wearable devices, such as the Apple Watch and ECG patches, is significantly transforming heart failure (HF) management by enabling real-time monitoring and immediate intervention, which marks a shift towards personalized and proactive care.[119.1] This integration allows for the consolidation of data from various monitoring systems into a unified dashboard accessible by the entire care team, thereby improving patient outcomes and enhancing care delivery efficiency, regardless of the patient's location.[115.1] However, the successful incorporation of these technologies into routine HF care presents numerous challenges. The rapid pace of technological innovation has outstripped the ability of clinicians and health systems to develop the necessary infrastructure for optimal data utilization.[116.1] Additionally, careful consideration of technical, clinical, and ethical challenges, including performance, regulatory requirements, and data privacy, is essential for effective integration.[118.1]In this section:
Wearable TechnologyArtificial IntelligenceReal-time MonitoringEarly DetectionRemote Monitoring
Epidemiology
Prevalence and Demographics
Heart failure (HF) is increasingly recognized as a significant public health issue, with an estimated prevalence exceeding 56 million individuals in the United States alone.[142.1] The Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) has reported alarming trends indicating a rise in the prevalence, mortality, and overall impact of heart failure, particularly among younger populations and racial and ethnic minority groups.[139.1] The inaugural Heart Failure Epidemiology and Outcomes Statistics report, launched in 2023, highlighted these concerning trends, emphasizing the growing incidence and lifetime risk associated with heart failure.[140.1] Demographically, heart failure disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities. African Americans and Hispanics exhibit higher prevalence rates compared to Whites, with African American women facing the highest prevalence among all demographic intersections in the U.S..[150.1] Furthermore, racial and ethnic minorities experience the highest incidence, prevalence, and hospitalization rates for heart failure, and despite advancements in treatment, the mortality disparity among African American patients has widened over time.[157.1] Socioeconomic factors also play a critical role in heart failure prevalence and outcomes. Studies indicate that socioeconomic status (SES) is strongly correlated with heart failure risks, with factors such as education level, employment status, and poverty significantly influencing incidence rates.[154.1] The HFSA has noted that disparities in healthcare access, influenced by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors, contribute to these inequities in heart failure outcomes.[155.1] Addressing these disparities requires strategic interventions that consider social and structural determinants of health, aiming to improve access to preventative and therapeutic measures for all populations affected by heart failure.[156.1]Risk Factors
Hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetes are among the most commonly studied risk factors for the development of heart failure, with multiple studies demonstrating a strong association between these conditions and heart failure.[143.1] However, the attributable risks of these factors can vary significantly across different populations, which may be influenced by demographic differences such as sex, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.[144.1] Despite the identification of these risk factors, contemporary trends regarding their impact across diverse demographic groups remain largely unknown, indicating a critical need for further research to elucidate how these variations may affect prevention and treatment strategies.[144.1] A comprehensive narrative review has highlighted the significant population-level differences in risk factors for heart disease among various racial and ethnic groups in the United States, underscoring the importance of understanding these disparities to enhance prevention and treatment strategies.[147.1] Additionally, while differences in comorbid conditions in patients with heart failure compared to population controls have not been well documented, it is essential to consider whether these differences exist based on the type of heart failure or the age of patients.[145.1] This suggests that demographic factors may influence the risk profile of individuals, which is crucial for tailoring effective healthcare interventions. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the importance of understanding population-level differences in risk factors for heart failure among various racial and ethnic groups in the United States.[146.1] While there are multiple risk factors for heart failure, contemporary temporal trends according to sex, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity remain unknown.[144.1] Advocacy organizations, such as the Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) and the American Association of Heart Failure Nurses (AAHFN), share a common core mission to improve outcomes for patients with heart failure.[184.1] These organizations emphasize the importance of increasing advocacy efforts to enable nurses to practice to the full extent of their education and training, thereby engaging in full partnership with physicians.[184.1] Additionally, they support initiatives like The Heart Failure Charter, which highlights the unmet needs of patients and caregivers and identifies where interventions and educational efforts can impact patients at various stages of care, including initial hospitalization, discharge, and post-discharge.[185.1]Diagnosis And Assessment
Diagnostic Tools and Techniques
The diagnosis of heart failure (HF) involves a multifaceted approach due to the overlapping symptoms with other conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the presence of co-morbidities that may complicate the clinical picture.[186.1] Initial evaluation typically includes a thorough patient history and physical examination, alongside diagnostic tests such as chest radiography, electrocardiography, and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) testing.[187.1] These assessments are crucial as they help identify the underlying causes of symptoms like dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, which are common in heart failure patients.[187.1] Differentiating between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and congestive heart failure (CHF) can be particularly challenging due to overlapping symptoms such as dyspnea (shortness of breath), exercise intolerance, and fatigue, which may be more pronounced in COPD.[189.1] COPD is primarily caused by lung damage, while CHF results from heart damage. Tests that measure lung function can reveal characteristic changes associated with COPD and may also indicate impaired pulmonary function in CHF.[188.1] Specific diagnostic tools are essential for accurate differentiation; for instance, echocardiograms are crucial for diagnosing heart failure and assessing its progression. An echocardiogram not only confirms the presence of heart failure but also provides insights into the condition's advancement, detailing the implications of the results and overall signs of heart failure.[188.1] It is important to note that up to one-third of patients with clinical heart failure may exhibit normal left ventricular systolic function, which indicates the presence of diastolic dysfunction, a common underlying pathology in heart failure.[193.1] Furthermore, studies suggest that patients diagnosed with heart failure who undergo echocardiography tend to have better outcomes compared to those who do not, likely due to more appropriate evidence-based management.[194.1] Recent advancements in diagnostic technologies have further enhanced the accuracy of heart failure assessments. Microwave technology has emerged as a promising non-invasive imaging technique, potentially improving early diagnosis and management of congestive heart failure.[196.1] Additionally, digital tools and wearable devices are being integrated into heart failure care, allowing for real-time monitoring of vital signs and physical activity, which can provide early indications of patient decline.[198.1] These innovations represent a significant shift towards more precise and timely interventions in heart failure management. In the context of acute heart failure syndromes, the misdiagnosis rate can be as high as 20%, highlighting the need for improved diagnostic methods.[199.1] The development and implementation of new diagnostic tests aim to enhance early detection and treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes in heart failure care.[199.1]In this section:
Management And Treatment
Pharmacological Treatments
Pharmacological treatments for heart failure have evolved significantly, focusing on improving patient outcomes and managing symptoms effectively. The "2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure" emphasizes patient-centric recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of heart failure, replacing earlier guidelines from 2013 and 2017.[228.1] These guidelines highlight the importance of pharmacological management in chronic heart failure, which includes a variety of medications aimed at alleviating symptoms and enhancing quality of life.[226.1] Pharmacological treatments for heart failure are vital for managing symptoms and improving patient outcomes. Commonly prescribed medications include ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers, which protect the heart from stress hormones, enhance the heart's pumping action, and reduce the workload on the heart.[248.1] These medications not only alleviate symptoms but also contribute to longer life expectancy for patients.[243.1] Additionally, diuretics are employed to help remove excess fluid and sodium from the body, which is particularly important for individuals experiencing fluid retention.[248.1] Other medications, such as nitrates for chest pain, statins to lower cholesterol, and blood thinners to prevent blood clots, may also be prescribed to address associated health conditions.[244.1] Overall, these medications are essential for managing the underlying causes of heart failure and improving symptoms, thereby enhancing the quality of life for affected individuals.[245.1] Recent advancements in pharmacological treatments have introduced innovative therapies and personalized medicine approaches, which have shown promise in improving patient outcomes.[249.1] For instance, updated guidelines for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and acute decompensation have led to better management strategies and outcomes.[250.1] Furthermore, while traditional therapies have successfully reduced hospitalizations, there is a growing emphasis on patient-reported outcomes as important endpoints in evaluating treatment efficacy.[251.1] This shift underscores the need for ongoing research and development of novel therapies to address the limitations of current treatments and enhance the overall management of heart failure.[250.1]Lifestyle Modifications
Lifestyle modifications play a crucial role in the management and treatment of heart failure (HF), as they significantly impact patients' quality of life and their ability to adhere to treatment regimens. The HEART program, a personalized discharge education initiative, emphasizes the importance of educating heart failure patients on various lifestyle aspects. This program covers seven key topics: heart failure definition, medication adherence, symptom management, weight management, dietary management, physical activity, and necessary precautions.[235.1] Heart failure is characterized by a complex daily regimen of self-care that includes medication management, monitoring of weight and symptoms, and recognizing signs of deterioration.[236.1] Effective patient education strategies, such as the teach-back method employed in the HEART program, are essential for helping patients understand their condition and adhere to their treatment plans. This method ensures that patients can articulate their understanding of the information provided, thereby enhancing their self-management capabilities.[235.1] Moreover, studies have shown that heart failure patients who adopt active coping styles—such as planning, problem-solving, and utilizing social support—tend to have a greater belief in their self-control and efficacy over their health management.[258.1] Conversely, misconceptions about medication can lead to withdrawal from treatment and lower adherence levels. For instance, a lack of belief in the effectiveness of medications has been linked to decreased adherence, highlighting the need for addressing these misconceptions during patient education.[259.1]In this section:
Stress HormonesPersonalized MedicinePatient-reported OutcomesNovel TherapiesLifestyle Modifications
Patient Quality Of Life
Impact on Daily Activities
Chronic heart failure (CHF) significantly impairs the quality of life (QoL) of affected individuals, impacting their daily activities and overall well-being. Patients with heart failure often experience a range of physical and psychological symptoms that contribute to a markedly reduced QoL compared to healthy individuals and those with other chronic conditions.[274.1] The multidimensional nature of QoL encompasses not only physical health but also emotional and social factors, reflecting how the condition and its treatment affect patients' daily lives.[274.1] Key factors influencing QoL in CHF patients include the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, socioeconomic status, and the presence of informal caregivers.[271.1] Specifically, higher NYHA classes correlate with greater functional limitations, which can hinder patients' ability to engage in daily activities. Additionally, socioeconomic deprivation has been identified as an independent predictor of QoL, suggesting that financial and social support systems play a crucial role in managing the disease.[271.1] Mental health challenges, particularly depression and anxiety, are highly prevalent among patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and significantly impact their quality of life (QoL).[279.1] These psychological conditions can lead to biased self-reports of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), with depressed patients often rating their limitations more severely, even when their physical condition is relatively stable.[281.1] Furthermore, the presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms is associated with a two- to three-fold increase in mortality risk, indicating that these mental health issues can independently influence the progression of CHF.[279.1] Additionally, fear of disease progression has been identified as a factor that negatively affects QoL, with psychological distress and resilience playing mediating roles in this relationship.[280.1] Thus, the interplay between mental health and physical symptoms in CHF patients is complex and critical for understanding their overall well-being. To address these challenges, healthcare providers are encouraged to incorporate patient preferences and values into treatment plans. Engaging patients in discussions about their treatment goals and preferences can enhance their sense of autonomy and improve their overall QoL.[288.1] Patients often prioritize treatment benefits and the importance of being informed over potential risks and inconveniences, highlighting the need for shared decision-making in their care.[289.1]Support Systems and Resources
Support systems and resources play a crucial role in enhancing the quality of life (QoL) for patients with heart failure (HF). Research indicates that perceived social support significantly correlates with improved QoL among these patients. Specifically, individuals who report higher levels of social support tend to experience better health outcomes and overall well-being compared to those with lower perceived support levels.[291.1] This suggests that effective social support systems can serve as a vital intervention to mitigate the challenges faced by heart failure patients. In addition to social support, socioeconomic factors also influence the quality of life for heart failure patients. A study involving a multinational cohort revealed that both patient-level indicators, such as household income and education, and country-level factors, including regional income levels and income disparity, are associated with the utilization of guideline-directed therapy and clinical outcomes in heart failure patients.[277.1] Furthermore, socioeconomic deprivation has been identified as a significant predictor of adverse outcomes in heart failure, highlighting the need for targeted interventions that address these disparities.[278.1] Community resources, particularly nurse-led patient education programs, play a crucial role in promoting health and improving the quality of life for heart failure patients. These programs are designed to address the multifaceted aspects of physical, psychological, and social well-being, which are essential for effective management of heart failure.[293.1] Additionally, there is a growing emphasis on integrating serial recordings of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) into routine care and clinical trials. This integration aims to enhance our understanding of the relationship between changes in HRQoL and patient outcomes, although much remains to be learned about how these changes vary by age among heart failure patients.[276.1] Despite the presence of strong family support systems in certain cultural contexts, such as in Saudi Arabia, heart failure patients still report poor quality of life.[290.1] This underscores the complexity of factors influencing QoL and the necessity for comprehensive support strategies that encompass both social and medical dimensions.Future Directions
Ongoing Research and Clinical Trials
Recent advancements in heart failure (HF) treatment have catalyzed a shift in research focus towards innovative therapies and personalized medicine, aiming to enhance patient outcomes. A significant area of ongoing research is the early initiation of basic therapies, which has been shown to improve patient outcomes by establishing comprehensive treatment within four weeks, rather than the previous approach that often delayed benefits due to the gradual addition of medications over months.[310.1] This shift is supported by the introduction of four life-prolonging medication classes for individuals with low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and SGLT2 inhibitors for those with mildly decreased and maintained LVEF, indicating a dramatic change in heart failure patient care.[311.1] Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) is emerging as a transformative force in HF management. AI applications are being explored to identify trends that could guide future research directions, particularly in improving patient outcomes through predictive analysis and deep phenotyping.[323.1] The convergence of multi-omics data with AI and ML methodologies is expected to uncover new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, enhancing the precision of heart failure treatments.[324.1] Personalized medicine is increasingly recognized as a transformative approach in the management of heart failure, leveraging patients' genomic information to enhance diagnosis, prevention, and therapy.[325.1] This method encompasses a wide range of considerations, from monogenic disorders, such as cardiomyopathies, to the influence of modifier genes and pharmacogenomics.[325.1] By identifying patients who are most likely to benefit from specific treatments and those who may be at risk for adverse reactions, personalized medicine allows for tailored therapeutic strategies that can significantly improve patient outcomes.[325.1] The integration of personalized pharmacotherapy is essential for addressing the diverse needs of heart failure patients and optimizing treatment regimens.[325.1] Overall, the application of personalized medicine in heart failure management represents a promising advancement, aiming to refine therapeutic approaches based on individual genetic profiles.[325.1]Challenges in Implementation and Awareness
Patients with heart failure encounter a variety of challenges that significantly affect their daily lives and overall well-being. These challenges include debilitating symptoms and recurrent hospitalizations, which contribute to a high economic burden exceeding $10 billion annually.[314.1] Many patients report limitations in physical activity, which can hinder their ability to engage in social activities and complete household chores, such as mowing the grass or cleaning.[317.1] Additionally, depression is prevalent among heart failure patients, affecting approximately 50% of this population. The symptoms of depression can closely resemble those of heart failure, including fatigue and trouble sleeping, complicating treatment and adherence to medical advice.[318.1] Addressing these challenges is crucial, as treating depression can lead to improved medical adherence among patients.[318.1] Healthcare providers encounter significant challenges in managing heart failure, particularly in the areas of patient education and medication adherence. Effective patient education is essential, as it has been shown to improve self-care practices among heart failure patients, thereby enhancing their quality of life and prognosis.[339.1] Tailored, technology-driven interventions that promote self-management can further improve access to heart failure care and reduce health disparities.[340.1] Moreover, addressing medication adherence is critical, as poor adherence is a common issue that can lead to increased heart failure exacerbations, reduced physical function, and a higher risk of hospital admissions and mortality.[352.1] Various strategies, including patient training and reminder systems, have been identified as effective means to enhance adherence.[350.1] Additionally, telehealth modalities, such as virtual visits and remote patient monitoring, have demonstrated the potential to improve communication between patients and healthcare providers, which is vital for fostering adherence and reducing the risk of worsening heart failure events.[353.1] Despite these strategies, challenges remain in the consistent implementation of effective therapies and the management of patient compliance issues. Many patients do not receive proven drug therapies, and advanced treatment options are often overlooked.[314.1] Addressing these barriers is critical for improving outcomes in heart failure care and ensuring that patients receive the comprehensive support they need to manage their condition effectively.References
[1] Heart Failure - Causes and Risk Factors | NHLBI, NIH — In heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the left side of your heart is too stiff to fully relax between heartbeats. That means it can't fill up with enough blood to pump out to your body. High blood pressure and other conditions that make your heart work harder are the main causes of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Conditions that stiffen the chambers of the
[3] Heart failure - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic — Heart failure - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic Heart failure Heart failure Heart failure care at Mayo Clinic Get the latest heart transplant-related health information from Mayo Clinic. By subscribing to heart failure content from Mayo Clinic, you have taken an important first step in gaining knowledge and using it for your overall health and well-being. Other medicines that may lead to heart failure or heart conditions include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and some medicines used to treat high blood pressure, cancer, blood conditions, irregular heartbeats, nervous system diseases, mental health conditions, lung and urinary conditions, and infections. Heart failure care at Mayo Clinic Palliative care for patients with advanced heart failure: Decision support, symptom management, and psychosocial assistance.
[4] About Heart Failure | Heart Disease | CDC — Overview Heart failure happens when the heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to support other organs in your body. Heart failure is a serious condition, but it does not mean that the heart has stopped beating. Facts about heart failure in the United States In the United States, nearly 6.7 million adults 20 years old or older have heart failure. 1 In 2022, heart failure was mentioned on
[5] Congestive Heart Failure: Symptoms, Stages & Treatment — Congestive Heart Failure: Symptoms, Stages & Treatment Congestive heart failure symptoms include: What are the four stages of congestive heart failure? Stage A (pre-heart failure) means you’re at a high risk of developing heart failure because you have a family history of congestive heart failure or you have one or more of these medical conditions: Treatment for people with Stage A heart failure includes: Treatment for people with Stage B heart failure includes: Medications for the treatment of medical conditions that can cause heart failure or make it worse, such as atrial fibrillation, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, coronary artery disease, chronic lung disease, high cholesterol and kidney disease. Complications of congestive heart failure treatments may include:
[6] Heart Failure Signs and Symptoms - American Heart Association — OKCancel Heart Attack and Stroke Symptoms Learn CPR Volunteer ShopHeart Home Health Topics Heart Failure Heart Failure Signs and Symptoms Heart Failure Signs and Symptoms Play without Auto-Play Play Video Video: Heart Failure Warning Signs and Symptoms Video: Síntomas de la insuficiencia cardíaca If you have more than one or more symptoms of heart failure, even if you haven't been diagnosed with any heart problems, report them to your health care professional and ask for an evaluation of your heart. This table lists the most common signs and symptoms of heart failure, explains why they occur and describes how to recognize them. | Blood "backs up" in the pulmonary veins (the vessels that return blood from the lungs to the heart) because the heart can't keep up with the supply. | | Buildup of excess fluid in body tissues (edema) | ... swelling in the feet, ankles, legs, fingers, abdomen and in other tissues and organs.
[9] Managing Heart Failure Symptoms - American Heart Association — Make sure your family members are aware of heart failure symptoms too, especially if they are involved in your heart failure care. View and print the Symptom Tracker: English (PDF) | Spanish (PDF) Use the HF Checklist to monitor symptoms. Heart failure requires that you, your family and any caregivers pay close attention to any changes in your
[11] Pathophysiological Mechanisms in HFrEF vs. HFpEF — Biological pathways in HFrEF were related to DNA binding transcription factor activity, cellular protein metabolism, and regulation of nitric oxide biosynthesis. Unique pathways in patients with HFpEF were related to cytokine response, extracellular matrix organization, and inflammation.
[12] Distinguishing pathophysiological features of heart failure with ... — Heart failure (HF) is a heterogeneous condition that can be categorized according to the left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) into HF with reduced (HFrEF) or preserved (HFpEF) EF. Although HFrEF and HFpEF share some common clinical manifestations, the mechanisms underlying each phenotype are often found to be distinct. Identifying shared and divergent pathophysiological features might
[40] Heart Failure Treatment: A Timeline - NEJM Journal Watch — By Amy Orciari Herman. Edited by Susan Sadoughi, MD. A perspective in the New England Journal of Medicine examines the evolution of heart failure treatment over the past 28 years, beginning with the introduction of vasodilator therapy in 1986 and culminating with LCZ696, an angiotensin-receptor and neprilysin inhibitor that reduced mortality in the PARADIGM-HF trial reported over the weekend.
[41] evolution of heart failure management over recent decades: from ... — Abstract. The treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) has changed greatly during the last two decades, moving from therapy based on a haemodynamic model to treatments targeting the neuroendocrine systems and the remodelling process.
[42] The Treatment of Heart Failure in the 21st Century: Is the Glass Half ... — The field of heart failure has seen striking advances during the past 50 years, yet the overall economic and social burden imposed by heart failure continues to rise. ... area of HF. To date, there are only a few centers with expanding research portfolios to develop effective new drugs and treatment strategies; clinical trials to demonstrate
[44] A History of Heart Failure: From the Valley of Queens to Valsartan — The clinical description of congestive heart failure has been recorded in the works of the ancient Greeks and Romans. Pathological analysis of an Egyptian dignitary who lived around 1479 BC and recovered from a plundered tomb in the Valley of the Queens revealed evidence of pulmonary edema—"likely due to heart failure," according to Italian Egyptologist Ernesto Schiaparelli.
[46] Heart Failure: A Century View, From Failure to Function — Dropsy, described in the 17th century, treated with "cure de dechloruration" (bloodletting, leeching, and lancing) and a predecessor of heart failure (HF), yielded to Harvey's early descriptions of cardiovascular circulation and later Starling's laws of hemodynamics, including foundational observations associating end-diastolic volume with cardiac performance.
[48] Effectiveness of Interventions to Disease Management Programs of ... — Heart failure (HF) prevalence is rising due to population aging and increasing risk factor incidence, thereby posing a significant global public health challenge. Disease management programs (DMPs) play a crucial role in managing HF and optimizing postevent health outcomes.
[56] The crucial role of patient education in heart failure — Heart failure management programmes, in which patient education is an important component, have been shown to be effective in improving self-care and reducing readmissions. Aim: This paper reviews the literature on the education of patients with heart failure. The paper addresses the level of knowledge in patients with heart failure, barriers
[57] Education of the Patients Living with Heart Disease - PMC — Heart disease management programme where patient's education is an important component, have been shown to be effective in increasing knowledge, self-care and self-management patients living with heart disease. ... Patients with heart failure need education in order to adapt to their chronic condition and perform self-care behaviour.
[58] Ancient Egyptian Medicine and the Concept of Heart Failure — mented observations of the syndrome of heart failure. Key Words: Ebers papyrus, Cardiac glosses, Cardiac dysfunction, Congestion. The Egyptian civilization preserved the written word and therefore the source of their medical knowledge and their practice of medicine are accessible today through the med-ical papyri.
[61] Ancient Egyptian Medicine and the Concept of Heart Failure — The Edwin Smith Papyrus supplies important insights into the state of surgical knowledge in ancient Egypt. 5 It was written about 1600 BC, although other historians believe that the papyrus is even older, either 2500 BC or 3000 BC. It was discovered at Thebes in 1862 and purchased by Edwin Smith, one of the earliest students of Egyptian civilization around the world.
[63] Recent successes in heart failure treatment - Nature Medicine — Advertisement View all journals Search Log in Explore content About the journal Publish with us Subscribe Sign up for alerts RSS feed nature nature medicine review articles article Review Article Published: 09 October 2023 Recent successes in heart failure treatment Carolyn S. P. Lam ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-00181,2,3, Kieran F. Docherty ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-99694, Jennifer E. Ho ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-47685, John J. V. McMurray ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6317-39754, Peder L. Myhre6,7 & … Torbjørn Omland6,7 Show authorsNature Medicine volume 29, pages 2424–2437 (2023)Cite this article 10k Accesses 20 Citations 238 Altmetric Metrics details Subjects Clinical pharmacology Heart failure Abstract Remarkable recent advances have revolutionized the field of heart failure. Survival has improved among individuals with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction and for the first time, new therapies have been shown to improve outcomes across the entire ejection fraction spectrum of heart failure. Great strides have been taken in the treatment of specific cardiomyopathies such as cardiac amyloidosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, whereby conditions once considered incurable can now be effectively managed with novel genetic and molecular approaches. Yet there remain substantial residual unmet needs in heart failure.
[64] Heartfelt Breakthroughs: Elevating Quality of Life with Cutting-Edge ... — There are notable advancements in the field of heart failure treatment and prevention. We will discuss significant pharmacological and device advances related to heart failure, including angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibition, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, cardiac resynchronization therapy
[65] Heart Failure: Recent Advances and Breakthroughs — Heart failure (HF) is a common clinical condition encountered in various healthcare settings with a vast socioeconomic impact. Recent advancements in pharmacotherapy have led to the evolution of novel therapeutic agents with a decrease in hospitalization and mortality rates in HF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF). Lately, the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI
[66] Reflecting on the advancements of HFrEF therapies over the last two ... — The Barotism® Hope for Heart Failure (HOPE4HF) Phase II randomized 46 and the Baroreflex Activation Therapy for Heart Failure (Be-AT HF) Phase III randomized, 47 unblinded trials showed improvements in quality of life, functional capacity, and NT-pro-BNP levels resulting in a pre-market FDA approval.
[67] Background of Heart Failure | CFR Journal — The Renaissance period brought crucial insights with Harvey's discovery of blood circulation. In the 20th century, the Framingham Heart Study provided a pivotal shift, formally defining HF as a clinical syndrome with diagnostic criteria. ... Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and
[68] Revolutionizing Cardiac Care: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of ... — The Renaissance and Advances in Cardiology. ... The Framingham Heart Study, initiated in 1948, was pivotal in identifying cardiovascular risk factors. It led to a paradigm shift in CR programs, emphasizing the importance of addressing these risk factors. ... (CVD) stands as a global health crisis, with its complex web of conditions, including
[94] Heart failure management guidelines: New recommendations and ... — The prevalence of heart failure has increased in many developed countries including Japan and the USA, due in large part to the aging of their populations. The lifetime risk of heart failure is now 20-30 % in the USA. Fortunately, there have been important advances in therapy that increase quality and length of life for those with heart failure. This review discusses the important advances
[97] Application and Potential of Artificial Intelligence in Heart Failure ... — With the increasing amount of data from remote monitoring and wearable devices, the role of AI is expanding.62) Kwon et al.63) showed that an AI-enabled smartwatch with a 2-lead ECG detected HF with reduced ejection fraction with acceptable performance.
[104] Recent successes in heart failure treatment - Nature Medicine — Advertisement View all journals Search Log in Explore content About the journal Publish with us Subscribe Sign up for alerts RSS feed nature nature medicine review articles article Review Article Published: 09 October 2023 Recent successes in heart failure treatment Carolyn S. P. Lam ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-00181,2,3, Kieran F. Docherty ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-99694, Jennifer E. Ho ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7987-47685, John J. V. McMurray ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6317-39754, Peder L. Myhre6,7 & … Torbjørn Omland6,7 Show authorsNature Medicine volume 29, pages 2424–2437 (2023)Cite this article 10k Accesses 20 Citations 238 Altmetric Metrics details Subjects Clinical pharmacology Heart failure Abstract Remarkable recent advances have revolutionized the field of heart failure. Survival has improved among individuals with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction and for the first time, new therapies have been shown to improve outcomes across the entire ejection fraction spectrum of heart failure. Great strides have been taken in the treatment of specific cardiomyopathies such as cardiac amyloidosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, whereby conditions once considered incurable can now be effectively managed with novel genetic and molecular approaches. Yet there remain substantial residual unmet needs in heart failure.
[105] New advances in heart failure treatment show promise in improving ... — New advances in heart failure treatment show promise in improving patient outcomes New advances in heart failure treatment show promise in improving patient outcomes The researchers of a recent British Medical Journal paper reviewed heart failure diagnosis and management data. Based on the review findings, heart failure patient care has changed dramatically with the advent of four life-prolonging medication classes for individuals with low LVEF and SGLT2 inhibitors for mildly decreased and maintained LVEF. New advances in heart failure treatment show promise in improving patient outcomes. Retrieved on March 19, 2025 from https://www.news-medical.net/news/20240415/New-advances-in-heart-failure-treatment-show-promise-in-improving-patient-outcomes.aspx. "New advances in heart failure treatment show promise in improving patient outcomes". <https://www.news-medical.net/news/20240415/New-advances-in-heart-failure-treatment-show-promise-in-improving-patient-outcomes.aspx>. "New advances in heart failure treatment show promise in improving patient outcomes". https://www.news-medical.net/news/20240415/New-advances-in-heart-failure-treatment-show-promise-in-improving-patient-outcomes.aspx. News-Medical, viewed 19 March 2025, https://www.news-medical.net/news/20240415/New-advances-in-heart-failure-treatment-show-promise-in-improving-patient-outcomes.aspx.
[106] Recent advances in the treatment of chronic heart failure - PMC — Specifically, we will review recent data on the implementation of sacubitril-valsartan, treatment of functional mitral regurgitation, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor therapy, agents for transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, treatment of iron deficiency in heart failure, and the use of biomarkers or remote hemodynamic monitoring to guide heart failure therapy. In the PRIME trial, patients with heart failure and mitral valve regurgitation who were randomly assigned to sacubitril-valsartan had significantly greater reductions in effective orifice regurgitant area (−0.06 ± 0.10 vs. : Effect of Oral Iron Repletion on Exercise Capacity in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Iron Deficiency: The IRONOUT HF Randomized Clinical Trial. : Effect of Natriuretic Peptide-Guided Therapy on Hospitalization or Cardiovascular Mortality in High-Risk Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
[108] Heart failure patients' perspectives on treatment outcomes and unmet ... — This study shows that, besides increasing life expectancy, HF patients prioritize improvements in symptoms and side effects reducing their QoL and independence, such as shortness of breath and fatigue. The patient-relevant characteristics identified in this study, from the perspective of HF patients …
[111] SGLT2 Inhibitors and Their Mode of Action in Heart Failure—Has the ... — SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are new drugs for patients with heart failure (HF) irrespective of diabetes. However, the mechanisms of SGLT2i in HF remain elusive. This article discusses the current clinical evidence for using SGLT2i in different types of heart failure and provides an overview about the possible underlying mechanisms. Recent findings
[115] Digital health technologies in enhancing patient and caregiver ... — Integration of Telemedicine: ... including wearable devices and in-hospital monitoring systems, into a unified dashboard accessible by the entire care team. ... They show that regardless of location, the integration of technology in heart failure management post-intervention can lead to improved patient outcomes and more efficient care delivery
[116] The Future of Wearables in Heart Failure Patients — Successful integration of wearable devices into routine HF care presents many challenges. First, technology innovation has outpaced the ability of clinicians and health systems to incorporate the infrastructure for optimal use of data. ... Heart Failure Management through Telehealth: Expanding Care and Connecting Hearts Journal of Clinical
[117] Impact of Wearable Technology on Heart Failure Management — This review aims to critically evaluate the impact of wearable technology on HF management Materials and Methods: This narrative systematic review was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, to identify relevant studies published between 2010 and 2024. Studies on wearable devices for HF management and monitoring were included if they reported on clinical trials and provided data on integration into clinical workflows. The integration of wearable technology into HF management represents a significant advancement in patient care, offering continuous, real-time monitoring of physiological parameters, early detection of disease exacerbation, and enhanced patient engagement. Wearable technology has emerged as a transformative tool in the management of HF, offering continuous monitoring and real-time data collection that can significantly improve patient outcomes .
[118] Recent Advances in the Wearable Devices for Monitoring and Management ... — Despite the potential benefits, the integration of wearable devices into HF management requires careful consideration of technical, clinical, and ethical challenges, such as performance, regulatory requirements and data privacy. ... This review summarizes the current evidence on the role of wearable devices in heart failure monitoring and
[119] Transforming Heart Failure Management: The Rise Of Wearable ... — Cutting-edge wearables and medical devices, like the Apple Watch and ECG patches, are reshaping contemporary medicine, particularly in heart failure management. These innovations, enabling real-time monitoring and immediate intervention through wearable defibrillators, mark a significant shift towards personalized, proactive care, impacting outcomes. This paper explores these advancements in
[139] Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) Scientific Statement: Update on ... — HF-Cert (Heart Failure Certification) The HF Stats 2024: Heart Failure Epidemiology and Outcomes Statistics provides an update to the inaugural 2023 HF Stats report and highlights several key findings that that the problem of heart failure is growing even more severe, particularly in younger populations, racial and ethnic minority groups, and those with multiple health conditions. Vest, MBBS MPH Clyde Yancy, MD Boback Ziaeian, MD, PhD Keywords: Heart Failure, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Incidence, Mortality, Outcomes, Hospitalizations, St Shocking Increase in Heart Failure Prevalence, Mortality, and Impact on Younger Patients WASHINGTON, DC (SEPTEMBER 24, 2024) – The latest findings on heart failure (HF) published by Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) reveal a concerning rise in the prevalence, mortality, and impact of this debilitating condition in the United States.
[140] HF STATS 2024: Heart Failure Epidemiology and Outcomes Statistics An ... — In 2023, the first report of the Heart Failure Epidemiology and Outcomes Statistics of the Heart Failure Society of America was launched.1 The purpose of that inaugural document was to synthesize and summarize the trends in the epidemiology and outcomes of heart failure (HF). In the inaugural issue, we highlighted concerning trends in the incidence, prevalence, lifetime risk, mortality, and
[142] Global epidemiology of heart failure - Nature Reviews Cardiology — Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by a heterogeneous pathophysiology and multifaceted aetiology 1.With an estimated prevalence of more than 56 million individuals
[143] Risk Factors for Heart Failure in the Community: Differences by Age and ... — Hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetes have been most commonly studied and have been shown to be strongly associated with the development of heart failure in multiple studies. 21-28 However, attributable risks varied widely across studies, which may be due in part to differences in demographics of the cohorts studied; differences
[144] Risk Factors for Heart Failure: 20-Year Population-Based ... - PubMed — Background: There are multiple risk factors for heart failure, but contemporary temporal trends according to sex, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity are unknown. Methods: Using a national UK general practice database linked to hospitalizations (1998-2017), 108 638 incident heart failure patients were identified. Differences in risk factors among patient groups adjusted for sociodemographic
[145] Risk Factors for Heart Failure in the Community: Differences ... - PubMed — Background: Differences in comorbid conditions in patients with heart failure compared with population controls, and whether differences exist by type of heart failure or age, have not been well documented. Methods: The prevalence of 17 chronic conditions were obtained in 2643 patients with incident heart failure from 2000 to 2013 and controls matched 1:1 on sex and age from Olmsted County
[146] Disparities in Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the United States — Abstract. This is a comprehensive narrative review of the literature on the current science and evidence of population-level differences in risk factors for heart disease among different racial and ethnic population in the United States (U.S.).
[147] Disparities in cardiovascular disease risk in the United States — This is a comprehensive narrative review of the literature on the current science and evidence of population-level differences in risk factors for heart disease among different racial and ethnic population in the United States (U.S.). It begins by discussing the importance of population-level risk a …
[150] Latest Evidence on Racial Inequities and Biases in Advanced Heart Failure — Heart Failure Inequities Heart failure inequities expand across race, ethnicity, and sex. 1 African-Americans and Hispanics have a higher prevalence of heart failure than Whites. 1 African-American women have a higher prevalence of heart failure than any other intersection of race and sex in the US. 1 African-Americans of both sexes are disproportionately dying from heart failure compared to
[154] Socio-economic inequalities and heart failure morbidity and mortality ... — Socio-economic status (SES) has been associated with incident and prevalent heart failure (HF), as well as its morbidity and mortality. However, the precise nature of the relationship between SES and HF remains unclear due to inconsistent data. This study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment a …
[155] HFSA Releases Position Paper on The Impact of Healthcare Disparities on ... — ROCKVILLE, MD (May 17, 2022) — A new position paper published today by the Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) outlines disparities in healthcare that affect patients with heart failure, including race and ethnicity, socioeconomic factors, and social determinants of health. The statement also presents actions that can be taken to address those disparities at the individual, institutional
[156] Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Heart Failure: Current State and ... — Strategic and earnest interventions considering social and structural determinants of health are critically needed to bridge racial/ethnic disparities, increase dissemination and implementation of preventative and therapeutic measures, and collectively improve the health and longevity of patients with heart failure.
[157] Racial and ethnic disparities in heart failure: current state and ... — Racial and ethnic minorities have the highest incidence, prevalence, and hospitalization rates from heart failure. In spite of improved therapies and overall survival, the mortality disparity gap in African American patients has widened over time. Racial/ethnic inequities in access to cardiovascular …
[184] PDF — The Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) and the American Association of Heart Failure Nurses (AAHFN) share a common core mission to improve outcomes of patients with heart failure. A recent report underscored the importance of increasing advocacy efforts to enable nurses to practice to the full extent of their education and training and engage in full partnership with physicians and other
[185] PDF — Advocacy organizations who understand the importance of shared value commit to support The Heart Failure Charter, which emphasizes patient and caregiver unmet needs and demonstrates where interventions and educational eforts can afect patients at initial hospitalization, discharge, and post-discharge.
[186] Chronic Heart Failure in Adults: Diagnosis and Management. — The diagnosis of heart failure can be challenging because of the frequent overlap of the symptoms of breathlessness and fluid retention with other conditions, because the patient may already have a condition that produces similar symptoms, for example chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and because the presence of co-morbidities may delay
[187] Diagnosis and Evaluation of Heart Failure | AAFP — Table 5 lists findings for the initial evaluation of suspected heart failure, including history, physical examination, chest radiography, electrocardiography, and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) testing.17,21–23 Evaluation for ischemic heart disease is warranted in patients with heart failure, especially if angina is present, given that CAD is the most common cause of heart failure. Patients with heart failure can have decreased exercise tolerance with dyspnea, fatigue, generalized weakness, and fluid retention, with peripheral or abdominal swelling and possibly orthopnea.3 Patient history and physical examination are useful to evaluate for alternative or reversible causes (Table 1).3,4,8 Nearly all patients with heart failure have dyspnea on exertion. Chest radiography should be performed initially to evaluate for heart failure because it can identify pulmonary causes of dyspnea (e.g., pneumonia, pneumothorax, mass).
[188] Are My Symptoms From COPD, Heart Failure, or Both? — Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and congestive heart failure (CHF) are two conditions that can cause dyspnea (shortness of breath), exercise intolerance, and fatigue. Lung damage causes COPD, and heart damage causes CHF. Tests that measure your lung function will show characteristic changes in COPD, and they can show impaired pulmonary function in CHF as well. Experts suggest the use of cardioselective beta-blockers for the treatment of CHF in people who also have COPD because these medications specifically target the heart without interfering with lung function. If you do have both CHF and COPD, you can experience worsening symptoms due to exacerbation of either condition.
[189] Copd Vs Congestive Heart Failure: What Is The Difference — Diabetes: Increases the risk of heart disease and subsequent heart failure. Previous heart attacks: Damage from heart attacks can weaken heart muscle. Symptoms Comparison Common Symptoms. Both COPD and CHF share some overlapping symptoms: Shortness of breath: Common in both conditions but may be more pronounced with exertion in COPD.
[193] PDF — Diastolic heart failure • Up to a third of patients have clinical heart failure with normal LV systolic function • Underlying pathophysiology relates to diastolic dysfunction • Commonest underlying pathologies - Normal ageing, Hypertension, Myocardial ischaemia '
[194] Echocardiography in heart failure a guide for general practice — suggest that patients with a clinical diagnosis of heart failure who have had an echocardiogram have a better outcome than those who have not, presumably due to more appropriate evidence based management.2 this article will discuss why assessment of cardiac structure and function is critical in evaluating heart failure, the
[196] Advancements in Microwave Technology for Congestive Heart Failure Diagnosis — This paper extensively explores recent developments in microwave technology for diagnosing congestive heart failure (CHF). It stresses the significance of early and accurate diagnosis in effectively managing cardiovascular conditions and underscores the potential of microwave technology for non-invasive cardiac imaging. The survey examines various techniques and technologies used in CHF
[198] Recent Advances in the Wearable Devices for Monitoring and Management ... — These wearables can be linked to remote monitoring systems, giving medical professionals access to real-time information on a patient’s heart rate, physical activity, blood pressure, and other vital signs . These wearables can be linked to remote monitoring systems, giving medical professionals access to real-time information on a patient’s heart rate, physical activity, blood pressure, and other vital signs. These wearables can be linked to remote monitoring systems, giving medical professionals access to real-time information on a patient’s heart rate, physical activity, blood pressure, and other vital signs . Studies have shown that wearable devices that monitor physical activity can provide early indications of decline in patients with HF, aiding in timely medical intervention.
[199] A Comparison of Criterion Standard Methods to Diagnose Acute Heart Failure — Introduction. Making an accurate diagnosis of acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS) in the emergency department (ED) is challenging. The misdiagnosis rate may be as high as 20%. 1, 2 Over the last decade, several new diagnostic methods (index tests) have been studied with an aim of improving early diagnosis. 2-9 The definition of acute heart failure varies in diagnostic studies (criterion
[226] Chronic heart failure in adults: diagnosis and management — Overview. This guideline covers diagnosing and managing chronic heart failure in people aged 18 and over. ... monitoring treatment for all types of heart failure; interventional procedures; cardiac rehabilitation and palliative care; ... The update will focus on pharmacological management of chronic heart failure. For more information, see the
[228] 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A ... — Aim: The "2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure" replaces the "2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure" and the "2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure." The 2022 guideline is intended to provide patient-centric recommendations for clinicians to prevent, diagnose, and manage
[235] Effects of education based on teach-back methods on self‑care and ... — The HEART program is a personalized discharge education program for heart failure patients that uses the teach-back method and a printed booklet. The HEART program consists of seven topics: heart failure definition, medication, symptom management, weight management, dietary management, physical activity, and precautions.
[236] mHealth education interventions in heart failure - PMC — Abstract Background. Heart failure (HF) is a chronic disease with significant impact on quality of life and presents many challenges to those diagnosed with the condition, due to a seemingly complex daily regimen of self‐care which includes medications, monitoring of weight and symptoms, identification of signs of deterioration and follow‐up and interaction with multiple healthcare services.
[243] Medications to Help Treat Heart Failure - Cleveland Clinic — Heart failure medications ease your symptoms and help you live longer. Common medications include ACE inhibitors and beta blockers.
[244] Medications Used to Treat Heart Failure — Heart Failure Medications Medications Used to Treat Heart Failure However, this medication has been shown to help improve heart function in people with heart failure, even if blood pressure is normal or if they do not have extra fluid in their body. Other heart failure medications Your health care professional may also prescribe other medications for additional health conditions that may occur with heart failure. Cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins): Your health care professional may prescribe this class of medication if you have high cholesterol or have had a heart attack. Heart Failure Medications Heart Failure Medications *All health/medical information on this website has been reviewed and approved by the American Heart Association, based on scientific research and American Heart Association guidelines.
[245] 10 Commonly Prescribed Medications for Heart Failure - Healthgrades — People with heart failure take medications to manage the underlying cause and improve symptoms. Learn when, why and how doctors prescribe these 10 heart failure medications.
[248] PDF — Protects your heart from stress hormones that can damage the heart Helps improve the heart's pumping action Reduces how hard the heart muscle has to work Helps the body remove extra fluid and sodium These medications help people with heart failure improve their symptoms, reduce the need for hospital stays and live a longer life.
[249] New Heart Failure Medications: Breakthrough Therapies Ahead — Explore the latest advancements in heart failure treatments, focusing on innovative therapies and personalized medicine for improved patient outcomes.
[250] Advances in pharmacotherapy for heart failure and reduced ejection ... — Abstract Introduction: Updated guidelines for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and acute decompensation have improved outcomes, but ongoing efforts are focused on uncovering new evidence and developing novel therapies. This review examines the limitations of current treatments and the potential impact of emerging therapies.
[251] Reflecting on the advancements of HFrEF therapies over the last two ... — While the four pillars of guideline-directed medical therapies have successfully reduced heart failure hospitalizations, and some have even impacted cardiovascular mortality in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), patient-reported outcomes have emerged as important endpoints that merit greater emphasis in future studies.
[258] Depression and perceptions about heart failure predict quality of life ... — Recent studies indicate that the coping styles of nondepressed and non-anxious heart-failure patients are more active (planning, problem-solving, using social support, positive thinking, and distraction), and that such patients have greater belief in their self-control and efficacy over their health management. 2, 21, 22 On the other hand
[259] Exploring beliefs about heart failure treatment in adherent and ... — A lack of belief in medication is related to withdrawal from medication, 47 and patient-perceived barriers to medication have been reported to result in lower levels of adherence in heart failure. 48 - 51 For this patient, "affect me" may have contributed to a "concerns" belief about his/her medicines, which could account for the
[271] Quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure and their carers ... — Factors affecting quality of life in chronic heart failure patients and carers NYHA class, socioeconomic deprivation (SIMD score) and presence of an informal carer emerged as three independent predictors of QoL in CHF patients, after adjustment for confounding variables.
[274] Quality of life in heart failure. The heart of the matter. A scientific ... — For most patients with chronic, progressive illnesses, maintaining good quality of life (QoL), with preserved functional capacity, is just as crucial as prolonging survival. Patients with heart failure (HF) experience much worse QoL and effort intolerance than both the general population and people with other chronic conditions, since they present a range of physical and psychological symptoms
[276] Changing health related quality of life and outcomes in heart failure ... — There are calls to integrate serial recordings of health related quality of life (HRQoL) into routine care, clinical trials and prognosis. Little is known about the relationship between change in HRQoL and outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients by age,
[277] Socioeconomic Status and Outcomes in Heart Failure With Reduced ... — In our large prospective multinational cohort of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction across 11 regions in Asia, we found that both patient-level (household income and education levels) and country-level (regional income level and income disparity) socioeconomic indicators were associated with the use of guideline-directed therapy, quality of life, and clinical outcomes.
[278] Heart failure and socioeconomic status: accumulating evidence of ... — Socioeconomic deprivation is a powerful independent predictor of HF development and adverse outcomes. However, the precise mechanisms accounting for this risk remain elusive. Heart failure represents the endpoint of numerous different pathophysiological processes and 'chains of events', each modifia …
[279] Depression, anxiety, and quality of life as predictors of ... — Background Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a severe condition, often co-occurring with depression and anxiety, that strongly affects the quality of life (QoL) in some patients. Conversely, depressive and anxiety symptoms are associated with a 2-3 fold increase in mortality risk and were shown to act independently of typical risk factors in CHF progression. The aim of this study was to examine
[280] Fear of progression and quality of life in patients with heart failure ... — This study aimed to identify the link between fear of progression and quality of life in patients with heart failure and explore the multiple mediating roles of psychological distress and resilience in this association. This multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted between March and December 2023 across four tertiary hospitals in China.
[281] Impact of depression on quality of life assessment in heart failure — Background: Depression is highly prevalent in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and may bias patients' reports of their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Depressed patients may rate their limitations of HRQoL worse even when their condition is rather good. We aimed to examine whether co-morbid depression alters the relationship between disease severity and HRQoL, thus
[288] Incorporating patient and family preferences into evidence-based ... — • Consider how to incorporate patient values and needs in treatment plans. Ask patients what they hope to accomplish with treatment and what preferences or suggestions for treatment they may have . Engage the patient in a discussion of the pros and cons of treatment(s) and have them relate them to their values and needs as appropriate and
[289] Patient Treatment Preferences for Heart Failure Medications: A ... - PubMed — Patients prioritize treatment benefits and being informed more than risks, cost and inconvenience of taking HFrEF medications. ... Patient Treatment Preferences for Heart Failure Medications: A Mixed Methods Study Patient Prefer Adherence. 2020 Nov 10:14:2225-2230. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S276328. eCollection 2020. Authors Katy E Trinkley
[290] Impact of a Social Support Program Supervised by a Multidisciplinary ... — Saudi cultural system has strong family support yet heart failure patients have a poor quality of life . In our study majority of the patients were married, living with family, satisfied with medical care, and felt having enough social support suggested the presence of strong family support as reiterated in earlier studies . However, 40%
[291] The Role of Perceived Social Support on Quality of Life in People with ... — Patients with higher perceived social support have a better quality of life than the other patients. Perceived social support is one of the strategies that can be utilized to improve quality of life and overcome disease in cardiovascular patients. Keywords: Social support, Quality of life, Cardiovascular Diseases, Iran. Introduction
[293] Promoting health and improving quality of life in heart failure patients — Promoting health and improving quality of life in heart failure patients - ScienceDirect Promoting health and improving quality of life in heart failure patients The objective of this article is to examine the current understanding of the factors influencing the quality of life (QoL) among individuals with heart failure (HF), with a focus on exploring the multifaceted aspects of physical, psychological, and social well-being to improve health. The impact of nurse-led patient education on quality of life in patients with heart failure Effectiveness of nurse-led heart failure self-care education on health outcomes of heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis The impact of sources of perceived social support on readmissions in patients with heart failure
[310] SGLT2 Inhibitors In Heart Failure: New Evidence Changes Treatment ... — Recent advances in heart failure treatment show that starting basic therapies early is very important. In the past, adding several medications could take months, often delaying the full benefits of therapy. However, a newer approach aims to establish comprehensive treatment within four weeks, leading to better patient outcomes.
[311] New advances in heart failure treatment show promise in improving ... — New advances in heart failure treatment show promise in improving patient outcomes New advances in heart failure treatment show promise in improving patient outcomes The researchers of a recent British Medical Journal paper reviewed heart failure diagnosis and management data. Based on the review findings, heart failure patient care has changed dramatically with the advent of four life-prolonging medication classes for individuals with low LVEF and SGLT2 inhibitors for mildly decreased and maintained LVEF. New advances in heart failure treatment show promise in improving patient outcomes. Retrieved on March 19, 2025 from https://www.news-medical.net/news/20240415/New-advances-in-heart-failure-treatment-show-promise-in-improving-patient-outcomes.aspx. "New advances in heart failure treatment show promise in improving patient outcomes". <https://www.news-medical.net/news/20240415/New-advances-in-heart-failure-treatment-show-promise-in-improving-patient-outcomes.aspx>. "New advances in heart failure treatment show promise in improving patient outcomes". https://www.news-medical.net/news/20240415/New-advances-in-heart-failure-treatment-show-promise-in-improving-patient-outcomes.aspx. News-Medical, viewed 19 March 2025, https://www.news-medical.net/news/20240415/New-advances-in-heart-failure-treatment-show-promise-in-improving-patient-outcomes.aspx.
[314] Top Ten Challenges in Heart Failure Management — The challenges of heart failure care are recognized by patients and providers. Patients experience debilitating symptoms and recurrent hospitalizations. Hospitalization rates are high, and the economic burden now exceeds $10 billion annually. Proven drug therapies are not consistently prescribed, advanced therapies are missed, and patient compliance issues are often overlooked. Using the top
[317] Challenges of Living with Heart Failure: Shared Perspectives — "I love my great-grandchildren, but heart failure often takes my energy." "Being able to travel to family gatherings." "Go out with family and friends." Completing chores. Many community members shared that heart failure makes it difficult and sometimes even impossible to complete household chores. Whether it is mowing the grass, cleaning
[318] A Patient's Guide to Living Confidently With Chronic Heart Failure — Depression is common and can occur in ≈50% of patients with CHF. 3 However, patients with CHF often increase their medical adherence once their depression is treated. 4 Depressive symptoms can look very similar to some heart failure symptoms, which include fatigue, trouble sleeping, loss of interest in activities, inability to concentrate
[323] Discovering biomarkers associated and predicting cardiovascular disease ... — The appropriate utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methodologies can yield novel understandings of CVDs, enabling improved personalized treatments through predictive analysis and deep phenotyping. In this study, we proposed and employed a novel approach combining traditional statistics and a nexus of cutting-edge AI/ML techniques to identify significant biomarkers for our predictive engine by analyzing the complete transcriptome of CVD patients. We have uncovered 18 transcriptomic biomarkers that are highly significant in the CVD population that were used to predict disease with up to 96% accuracy. With its successful implementation, our newly developed predictive engine provides a valuable framework for identifying patients with CVDs based on their biomarker profiles.
[324] Using Artificial Intelligence to Better Predict and Develop Biomarkers — Abstract Advancements in technology have improved biomarker discovery in the field of heart failure (HF). What was once a slow and laborious process has gained efficiency through use of high-throughput omics platforms to phenotype HF at the level of genes, transcripts, proteins, and metabolites. Furthermore, improvements in artificial intelligence (AI) have made the interpretation of large
[325] Heart failure and personalized medicine - PubMed — Personalized medicine is a form of medicine that uses the patient's genomic information to improve diagnosis, prevention and therapy. In this review we discuss the personalized management of heart failure, from monogenic disorders, to modifier genes and pharmacogenomics. Monogenic disorders causing heart failure are cardiomyopathies.
[339] The impact of health education on treatment outcomes in heart failure ... — Abstract Background: In 2016 heart failure (HF) affected between 600,000 and 700,000 people in Poland being one of the most common causes of hospitalization and death. Health education is an elements of patient treatment aimed at improving the level of self-care and adherence to the treatment recommendations.
[340] mHealth education interventions in heart failure - PMC — Implementation of effective, tailored, technology‐driven patient‐education interventions that promote self‐management in heart failure may promote access to heart‐failure care across the trajectory and reduce growing health disparities.
[350] Improving Treatment Adherence in Heart Failure - PubMed Central (PMC) — Strategies to improve patients' adherence to taking their medication and self care. Training/education for patients. Reminder systems for patients. ... Murray MD, Young J, Hoke S, et al. Pharmacist intervention to improve medication adherence in heart failure: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:714-725. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-146
[352] Medication Adherence Interventions Improve Heart Failure Mortality and ... — Poor adherence to medications is a common problem among heart failure (HF) patients.Inadequate adherence leads to increased HF exacerbations, reduced physical function, and higher risk for hospital admission and death. Many interventions have been tested to improve adherence to HF medications, but the overall impact of such interventions on readmissions and mortality is unknown.
[353] Lessons to Adhere to for Optimizing Heart Failure Medications | JACC ... — Telehealth modalities, such as virtual visits and remote patient monitoring programs, have the potential to enhance timely communication between patients and their health care providers and have been shown to improve adherence and reduce the risk of worsening heart failure events. 8 Adherence to medications is a shared responsibility between